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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">模块</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">指令</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">常见问题</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">术语</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">网站导航</a></p>
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP 服务器版本 2.4</p>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP 服务器</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">文档</a> &gt; <a href="./">版本 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache 的处理器</h1>
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<p><span>可用语言: </span><a href="./en/handler.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
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<div class="outofdate">此翻译可能过期。要了解最近的更改，请阅读英文版。</div>

    <p>本页描述 Apache 处理器的用法。</p>
  </div>
<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#definition">什么是处理器</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">例子</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#programmer">对程序员的说明</a></li>
</ul><h3>参见</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">评论</a></li></ul></div>
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<h2><a name="definition" id="definition">什么是处理器</a></h2>
    
    <table class="related"><tr><th>相关模块</th><th>相关指令</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_actions.html">mod_actions</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_asis.html">mod_asis</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_actions.html#action">Action</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime.html#removehandler">RemoveHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>


    <p>“处理器”是当文件被调用时，Apache 要执行的动作的内部表示形式。
    一般来说，每个文件都有基于其文件类型的隐式处理器。通常的文件会被
    服务器简单处理，但是某些文件类型会被分别“处理”。</p>

    <p>处理器也可以被基于扩展名或位置来明确配置。它们都很有用，这不仅
    因为它是优雅的方案，而且还允许类型<strong>与</strong>处理器关联到文件
    (参见<a href="mod/mod_mime.html#multipleext">文件与多个扩展名</a>)。</p>

    <p>处理器可以编译到服务器中，或者包含在模块中，它们还可以被 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_actions.html#action">Action</a></code> 指令增加。标准发行版中内置的处理器有:</p>

    <ul>
      <li><strong>default-handler</strong>: 使用
      <code>default_handler()</code> 发送文件，它是用来处理静态内容的处理器(核心)。</li>

      <li><strong>send-as-is</strong>: 直接发送，不增加 HTTP 头(<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_asis.html">mod_asis</a></code>)。</li>

      <li><strong>cgi-script</strong>: 按 CGI 脚本处理(<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>)。</li>

      <li><strong>imap-file</strong>: 按 imagemap 规则处理(<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code>)。</li>

      <li><strong>server-info</strong>: 取得服务器配置信息(<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code>)。</li>

      <li><strong>server-status</strong>: 取得服务器状态报告(<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>)。</li>

      <li><strong>type-map</strong>: 用于内容协商，按类型映射文件处理(<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code>)。</li>
    </ul>
  </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">例子</a></h2>
    

    <h3><a name="example1" id="example1">使用 CGI 脚本修改静态内容</a></h3>
      

      <p>下面的指令将会使具有<code>html</code>扩展名的文件，触发 CGI 脚本<code>footer.pl</code>的执行。</p>

      <div class="example"><p><code>
        Action add-footer /cgi-bin/footer.pl<br />
        AddHandler add-footer .html
      </code></p></div>

      <p>于是 CGI 负责发送请求的文档(<code>PATH_TRANSLATED</code> 环境变量指向它)，按照需要作出  and making
      whatever modifications or additions are desired.</p>

    
    <h3><a name="example2" id="example2">含有 HTTP 头的文件</a></h3>
      

      <p>下面的指令会启用
      <code>send-as-is</code> 处理器，用于包含自己的 HTTP 的文件。不管什么扩展名，
      所有位于 <code>/web/htdocs/asis/</code> 目录的文件会被
      <code>send-as-is</code> 处理器处理。</p>

      <div class="example"><p><code>
        &lt;Directory /web/htdocs/asis&gt;<br />
        SetHandler send-as-is<br />
        &lt;/Directory&gt;
      </code></p></div>

    
  </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="programmer" id="programmer">对程序员的说明</a></h2>
    

    <p>为了实现处理器特性，增加了需要使用的 <a href="developer/API.html">Apache API</a>。
    特别的，结构 <code>request_rec</code> 增加了新成员:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      char *handler
    </code></p></div>

    <p>如果你想要模块实现处理器，只需要在在处理请求，调用 <code>invoke_handler</code>
    之前，将 <code>r-&gt;handler</code> 指向处理器名称。处理器的实现与以前一样，只是用处理器名称取代了内容类型。
    虽然不是必要，处理器的命名约定是使用破折号分割的单词，没有斜杠，从而不侵入媒体类型名称空间。</p>
  </div></div>
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